This review article studied 40 separate studies, hoping to establish guidelines for occupational health physicians encountering low back pain. The researchers attempted to test the efficacy of different intervention treatments in terms of absence rates and duration of sick leave. Their findings:
van der Weide WE, Verbeek JHAM, van Tulder MW. Vocational outcome of intervention for low back pain. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 1997;23(3):165-78.